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Abstract To address the issue of diagnosing hard and soft faults in active power factor correction （APFC） power supply, this study analyzes failure modes resulting from aging and malfunction of various sensitive components. The power fault waveform patterns are initially analyzed based on the circuit’’s THD, current ripple value, and RMS value. The inductor current signals in different fault modes are then utilized to extract and construct time–frequency fusion fault features of the APFC power supply. Finally, these feature quantities are downscaled and optimized using the RF algorithm. The SOA‐KELM model of the APFC converter is proposed, and the feature vectors under different fault modes are used to classify and diagnose faults, achieving hard and soft fault detection of the converter. The experiments show that the method achieves 100% accuracy for hard fault diagnosis and 96.36% accuracy for soft fault diagnosis of the converter, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy.
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