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The livelihood of most people in Ethiopia depends on survival agriculture whose carrying capacity has reduced due to rapid population growth rate and farm size reduction. The main objective of this review is to identify the determinant of rural livelihood strategy and household food security in Ethiopia. Data was collected from different research papers that have to do with the determinant of rural livelihood strategy and household food security in Ethiopia. According to the review result disguised agricultural employment, inadequate access to fertile land, lack of access to farm input, markets, deterioration of natural resource base and incomplete credit among others, wage-earning opportunities, investing in children education, Age of the household head, distance from irrigation sources, social status, soil fertility status, education level, distance from DA office, Economical Active members, soil fertility status, soil conservation and transportation services, saving to invest, and availability of growth engines like private investments were the determinant of rural livelihood strategy and sex, ceremonial expense, dependency ratio, marital, land size, education, livestock and pesticide were the determinant of rural household food security in Ethiopia. In addition to these, the review is forward the concrete recommendation, which implies helping to improve rural household livelihood and household food security through basic policy implication and the participation of the rural household.
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