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The aim of this paper is to criticize, in the domain of labor economics, the traditional homo oeconomicus hypothesis. Our discussion, mainly epistemological, is divided in two parts. In the first one, we analyse the philosophical basis of this hypothesis. But neither the social philosophy nor the philosophy of science can provide good arguments for preventing the economist to change his practice. In the second part, we analyse the introduction of fairness considerations in the two major theories of labor economics, efficiency wage theory and insider-outsider theory. We show that those psychosociological versions escape to the main criticism adressed to the orthodox versions.
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