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BACKGROUND:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and interpersonal disturbances. Several structural and functional neuroimaging abnormalities have been described in BPD. In particular, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have recently suggested various connectivity disturbances within and between brain networks in BPD. This review aimed at providing an updated summary of the evidence reported by the available rs-fMRI studies in BPD individuals. METHODS:A search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to identify rs-fMRI alterations in BPD. A total of fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS:Overall, aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within and between default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) were observed in BPD compared to healthy controls, as well as selective FC impairments in bilateral amygdala, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS:The observational design, small sample size, non-balance gender group, high rates of concurrent comorbidities and medications, and heterogeneity across imaging methodologies limit the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS:The identification of altered patterns of rs-FC within and between selective brain networks, including DMN, SN, and CEN, could further our knowledge of the clinical symptoms of BPD, and therefore, future studies with multimodal methodologies and longitudinal designs are warranted to further explore the neural correlates of this disorder. Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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