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We propose a voluntary participation approach to naturally generate two groups facilitated with a CMS and the usage of students' smartphones. We applied it in a research of blending smartphones into the university English class for one semester. All students were invited to freely use smartphones in and outside the class to participant in the learning activities in a web-based instruction system and their usage data were stored. They were regarded as experiment students if they participated in at least two learning activities including pretest and posttest, otherwise as control students. The differences of the two groups, including the number and score sum of participated activities indicating participation quantity and the average score of participated activities indicating participation quality, were all statistically significant. The finding demonstrated that the proposed approach is practical for implementing quasi-experiment research in education and effective to improve university students' learning with the help of smartphones.
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