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Thefruit of Hippophae rhamnoides L. hasbeen used for centuries in Europe and Asia as a food withhigh nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, a bioactivity-guidedphytochemical investigation of H. rhamnoides L. has resulted in four new dimethylallylated flavonolignans （1–4）, four new isopropylpentenone–flavonolignanheterodimers （5–8）, two new geranylatedflavonolignans （9 and 10）, and 14 knownflavonolignan derivatives （11–24）;they were elucidated by their spectrometric and spectroscopic methods,including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, IR, and UV from the fruit of H. rhamnoides L. for the first time. Among them,compounds 2, 5, 6, 20, and 21 showed potent immunosuppressive activitieswith IC50 values from 19.42 ± 3.91 to 48.05 ±12.56 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 1, 4, 11, 12, and 13 showed moderateneuroprotective activities, which increased the cell survival ratefrom 50.30 ± 4.24% for the model group to 71.63 ± 3.04%,70.02 ± 4.13%, 61.53 ± 5.93%, 61.08 ± 3.58%, and 65.68± 4.88% at 10 μM, respectively. The hypothetical biogeneticpathway and preliminary structure–activity relationship werefound and discussed scientifically.
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