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Abstract Presence of several biochemical constituents in neem makes it an efficient antimicrobial agent for pathogenic diseases. The current investigation was aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of neem nanoemulsion as a control measure for P seudomonas aeruginosa infection in freshwater fish L abeo rohita . The median lethal concentration （ LC 50） for the neem oil and neem nanoemulsion was 73.9 and 160.3 mg/L, respectively. The biomarker enzymes of treated fish tissues showed a significant difference in the level of glutathione reductase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation in neem oil‐treated samples than in neem nanoemulsion‐treated samples at P < 0.05. The results were corroborative with histopathology and ultrastructural analysis. The bacterial infection of P. aeruginosa treated using neem nanoemulsion was more effective in both in vitro and in vivo methods. Present findings suggest that neem‐based nanoemulsion has negligible toxicity to R ohu fishes. This makes neem‐based nanoemulsion as an efficient therapeutic agent against P . aeruginosa infection, leading to its possible usage in the aquaculture industry.
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