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The present article describes guar-gum (GG) polysaccharide-based eco-friendly highly water absorbable polymer network with itaconic acid (IA) and acrylamide (AAm) as monomers, prepared due to characteristic features such as natural abundance, biocompatibilities, and biodegradability as well as biological and physicochemical properties. The solution polymerization technique was used successfully to synthesize the GG-g-PIA-co-AAm co-polymer. In this method, IA and AAm monomer polymerize onto polysaccharides GG in an aqueous medium at 70 °C with potassium persulfate (KPS) acting as a chemical initiator and N, N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (N-MBA) acting as a cross-linker. The maximum allowed time to complete the reaction was 1 hour and 20 minutes. The consequence of the neutralization degree of itaconic acid, GG, AAm, N-MBA, and KPS was optimized. Surface morphology and binding behavior of prepared GG-g-PIA-co-AAm were characterized by FTIR and SEM microscopy. The grafting (between GG and IA and AAm and crosslinking reactions were produced by a solid chemical empathy between the NH2 groups in the guar gum and the carboxylic groups in the poly itaconic acid, leading to the formation of amide bonds. Various parameters like free-absorbency capacity (FAC) as high as possible and (AUL) were also studied for efficient absorbent polymers. A hypothetical mechanism for polymeric reaction during polymerization has been proposed.
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