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The purpose of this article is to classify existing approaches to analyzing theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems. We also present a new approach based on existing ones that combines advantages, eliminates drawbacks, and offers means of analyzing innovation development in modern economic systems and that presents optimal models of innovation development in modern economic systems. The authors develop and approbate – based on the case of present-day Russia – proprietary methodologies for examining innovation development in modern economic systems. It involves the calculation of an index of innovation development that reflects current levels of innovation development in economic systems and possibilities and perspectives related to innovation development in economic systems in the near future. The authors classify approaches to the analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems as criteria on innovation development in economic systems. Within this classification, the authors distinguish between and conduct comparative analyses of the following three main approaches: plan-factual, ranking, and indexing, which involve making various theoretical assumptions on innovation development in modern economic systems and on the use of various methodologies. The authors present a new approach to the analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems that eliminate drawbacks of existing approaches and that present unique advantages (simple calculations and universal use). In turn, an optimal model of innovation development in modern economic systems is offered.
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