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With the continuous advancement of remote sensing technology, the information encapsulated within hyperspectral images has become increasingly enriched. The effective and comprehensive utilization of spatial and spectral information to achieve the accurate classification of hyperspectral images presents a significant challenge in the domain of hyperspectral image processing. To address this, this paper introduces a novel approach to hyperspectral image classification based on geodesic spatial–spectral collaborative representation. It introduces geodesic distance to extract spectral neighboring information from hyperspectral images and concurrently employs Euclidean distance to extract spatial neighboring information. By integrating collaborative representation with spatial–spectral information, the model is constructed. The collaborative representation coefficients are obtained by solving the model to reconstruct the testing samples, leading to the classification results derived from the minimum reconstruction residuals. Finally, with comparative experiments conducted on three classical hyperspectral image datasets, the effectiveness of the proposed method is substantiated. On the Indian Pines dataset, the proposed algorithm achieved overall accuracy (OA) of 91.33%, average accuracy (AA) of 93.81%, and kappa coefficient (Kappa) of 90.13%. In the case of the Salinas dataset, OA was 95.62%; AA was 97.30%; and Kappa was 93.84%. Lastly, on the PaviaU dataset, OA stood at 95.77%; AA was 94.13%; and Kappa was 94.38%.
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