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Light-matter interaction of subwavelength and periodic silicon (Si) nanostructures strongly correlates with their geometrical features, which results in being highly critical for the practical development of Si-based photovoltaic applications. In this study, the effective medium concepts and retrieval method are employed to numerically unveil the photonic management of subwavelength and periodic Si nano-cylinder arrays (SiNCAs). Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, the designed SiNCAs with four various periodicities are regarded as an array of dielectric rods parallel to the incident light, and the effective optical properties such as refractive index, permittivity, permeability and impedance are investigated, where the pronounced light absorption bands centered at 485 nm and 581 nm from SiNCAs with periodicity of 300 nm are demonstrated and the origin is further elucidated with the spatial examinations of electric-field distributions. By employing the SiNCAs with tailored periodicities for the construction of hybrid solar cells, the improved cell performances featuring the conversion efficiency of 13.79% are demonstrated, where the involving photonic, optoelectronic and electrochemical measurements are employed, which deliver the effective strategy for improving the photovoltaic performances.
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