[期刊论文][Full-length article]

出版年：2023

The increasingly severe global environmental problems have urged most people to incorporate environmental protection into their daily lives. Therefore, low-carbon supply chain management has become crucial. This paper studies a dual-market low-carbon supply chain operation in urban and rural markets with one manufacturer and two retailers. Three scenarios are considered: no government intervention, government intervention and joint promotion under government intervention. By establishing and solving three differential game models, we give the dynamic technological innovation, advertising and store promotion strategies of the manufacturer and two retailers and show the impact of government intervention and joint promotion on emissions reduction and performance. The results show that: first, government intervention can increase technology innovation efforts and decrease advertising efforts, while joint store promotion under government intervention has a positive effect on manufacturer's advertising and technological innovation efforts; second, government intervention may increase the profits of the manufacturer, although it will undoubtedly reduce the profits of the retailers, while joint store promotion under government intervention can further improve the profits of the manufacturer and retailers; third, compared to the preferences of rural consumers, manufacturer's technological innovation strategy relies more on the price and promotion preferences of urban consumers. Moreover, the preference differences between the two types of consumers have a weak impact on the manufacturer's advertising strategy, while the price preference of rural consumers has a more significant impact on the advertising efforts of the manufacturer. Overall, the research results can provide valuable suggestions for the members of the low-carbon supply chain in the dual market to improve the economic and environmental performance of the low-carbon supply chain. Introduction In recent years, energy crisis and environmental degradation have been serious, and the rise of the industrial economy is one of the critical factors causing the problem. As a crucial part of a green economy, the capability of enterprises to reduce emissions through technology innovation plays a significant role in green supply chain management. Many home appliance enterprises, such as Haier and Gree Appliance, invest a significant amount of money in the research and development of energy-saving and emission-reducing products every year (Xin, 2020; Duysters et al., 2009). On the other hand, consumers' environmental preference is the crucial driving force for manufacturers to carry out low-carbon production. However, due to differences in economic and knowledge levels, consumers in different regions recognize low-carbon products differently (Yenipazarli, 2019). According to a survey by the European Barometer Commission in 2014, 75% of Europeans prefer to buy green products at a higher price (Hong et al., 2018), while in Iran, only 31.27% of consumers choose green products first (Souri et al., 2018). This situation also occurs in the difference between urban and rural consumer preferences. In fact, compared with urban consumers who focus on the low carbon performance of products, rural consumers may pay more attention to product prices and store promotions. With the economy's improvement and increased people's income, small towns and rural areas have already become another competitive market for many large manufacturers. In order to meet the needs of different market groups for products, manufacturers and distributors (retailers) have made a series of marketing efforts. On the one hand, manufacturers carry out technology innovation on emission reduction and improve the goodwill of products through brand advertising (such as TV advertising and online platform advertising), which helps to improve consumers' recognition of low-carbon products (Rahbar and Wahid, 2011; Khorshidvand et al., 2021). On the other hand, the retailers can provide offline store promotional advertising (such as free trials, gifts, etc.), or seek to cooperate with manufacturers to carry out joint promotions (such as extending the warranty period, providing personalised accessories and adding additional after-sales services, etc.) to expand the market demand for products. For example, Haier has occupied a high market share in the urban market for many years, and is committed to developing in the rural market. It invests a lot in the brand advertising of the platform and TV advertising every year. In addition, to pursue the leading position in the rural market, Haier cooperated with local distributors to improve the delivery channel to ensure the timely handling of after-sales services. Moreover, some accessories are slightly adjusted according to local conditions, which can effectively improve the demand in the local market (Duysters et al., 2009). Research on technology innovation in the green supply chain is a hot topic in current literature. There are several studies about the impact of government taxes on emissions and the subsidies on supply chain technology innovation (Wei and Wang, 2021; Yi et al., 2022), the blockchain technology analysis in the supply chain (Friedman and Ormiston., 2022), the cooperative technology innovation (Zhou et al., 2020, 2022), the research on technology innovation strategy in the dual-channel supply chain (Mu et al., 2021; Meng et al., 2021), and joint consideration of technological innovation and goodwill (Ma et al., 2021a, Ma et al., 2021b). However, there are fewer studies on technological innovation and advertising strategies for what regards low-carbon supply chains based on consumer preferences and marketing models. Most of the products the manufacturer produces are sold to many regions differently; the diversity of the consumer market and the differentiation of advertising forms between the manufacturer and the retailer have added uncertainty to the market demand. Brand advertising of the manufacturer can improve goodwill, but it is a long-term process and needs to be accumulated through the time of brand effect. In contrast, the effect of retail store promotional advertising on demand increase is direct and does not have a time lag. Therefore, supply chain members need to determine the level of advertising efforts and study how consumer preferences affect supply chain decisions. In addition, government intervention is usually aimed at influencing the manufacturers’ behaviour on emissions, then will it affect other decisions of supply chain members and the goodwill of products? The research on these issues is worthy of attention. Based on the previous literature and the background of the low-carbon economy, this paper considers a dynamic dual-market low-carbon supply chain of rural and urban markets with different marketing models under government intervention. Specifically, this paper considers the following premises: a monopolist manufacturer producing low-carbon products and distributing them to an urban market and a rural market through two retailers; the two types of consumers have different preferences; the manufacturer invests in technology innovation and brand advertising to enhance emission reduction and low-carbon goodwill; the two retailers carry out store promotional advertising to expand market demand. The model structure slopes down through three scenarios: 1. No government intervention scenario: the manufacturer and the retailers make decisions without government intervention. 2. Government intervention scenario: the government announces the carbon emission standard and gives penalties (taxes) or rewards (subsidies) according to the production and innovation plans of the manufacturer. 3. Government intervention scenario with a joint store promotion: here, the supply chain members carry out joint store promotion to increase two markets’ demands under government intervention. The questions that this study aims to answer are the following. 1. What are the two markets' technology innovation, advertising and pricing strategies in equilibrium in three scenarios? 2. How do different types of consumer preferences affect innovation and advertising strategies? Which market's consumer preferences have a more significant impact on manufacturers' strategies? 3. How does government intervention affect the manufacturer and retailers' strategies in the two markets? 4. In the same market size, which market will obtain higher profits from joint store promotion plans? This paper's main contributions are the following: First, it establishes a two-market dynamic game model consistent with the green supply chain structure and derives the optimal strategies solution for the supply chain under government intervention and joint store promotion. Second, it analyzes how joint promotion positively impacts advertising and technological innovation efforts, while government intervention will increase technology innovation efforts and decrease advertising efforts. Third, government intervention may increase the manufacturer's profits, while it will undoubtedly reduce the retailers' profits; joint store promotion under government intervention can further improve the profits of the manufacturer and retailers. Fourth, compared to the preferences of rural consumers, the manufacturer's technological innovation strategy relies more on urban consumers' price and promotion preferences. The preference differences between the two types of consumers have a weak impact on the manufacturer's advertising strategy, while the price preference of rural consumers has a more significant impact on the advertising efforts of the manufacturer. Last, the urban market will benefit more from improving goodwill in the two markets with the same preferences. Given these preliminary observations, this paper will develop as follows: Section 2 presents the literature review. Assumptions and notations are presented in Section 3. In Section 4, the equilibrium solutions of the three differential game models: no government intervention, government intervention and joint store promotion under government intervention. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis are carried out in Section 6. Section 7 introduces the conclusions and future research directions. Section snippets Literature review This section divides the literature related to this study and published in recent years into three streams: green supply chain technology innovation, differential game theory and joint promotion. The concept and practice of green supply chain have been intensely discussed in the past two decades due to the growing concern about environmental issues. Under the background of the ecological industry, enterprises use various technologies to seek green supply chain innovation (GSCI) to reduce costs Model formulation This section starts by considering the existence of a manufacturer which produces one type of low-carbon product and distributes the products to an urban market and a rural market through two retailers. Compared with consumers in the rural market (denoted as ‘‘r”), consumers in the urban market (denoted as ‘‘u”) have more vital environmental awareness and are willing to pay higher prices for low-carbon products. In order to reduce emissions production and attract consumers to buy low-carbon Model solutions The manufacturer's technology innovation and advertising efforts are long-term processes, depending on the current state and time. In the model, supply chain members will play a continuous Stackelberg game. As an effective method to solve such continuous dynamic problems, differential games are widely used in much literature (Zhang et al., 2019; Ma et al., 2021a, Ma et al., 2021b). Therefore, this method is chosen to analyze three scenarios: no government intervention, government intervention Comparison among scenarios By comparing supply chain members’ optimal strategies in three scenarios, we analyze the impact of government intervention and joint store promotion on supply chain members' steady-state strategies and the changes in product prices and demand in the two markets. Let t → ∞ , the stable-state solutions in three scenarios are given. For the convenience of analysis, we assume that in Scenario 3, the unit promotion costs of the manufacturer and two retailers are the same, γ = ω . Please refer to the Sensitivity analysis and policy implications In this section, we use numerical simulation to study the impact of several parameters on two market price strategies, manufacturer investment strategies and profits, and propose multiple policy implications through these results. Some basic parameters are set to the same value to facilitate analysis, such as the equal sizes of the rural and urban markets and the exact unit promotion costs for the two retailers. Benchmark parameters are set as follows to ensure buoyant demand and pricing: a u = a r = Conclusions Facing the crisis of environmental pollution and resource shortage, consumers pay more and more attention to low-carbon products. Low-carbon manufacturing has become a challenge that manufacturers face, and its core lies in R&D and innovation of low-carbon technologies. This paper analyzes the operation of a dual-market low-carbon supply chain in two markets, discusses the technological innovation and advertising strategies of the manufacturer and two retailers in production and sales, and Funding This study was supported in part by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 72071068 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund ( JZ2018GJQN0479 ). CRediT authorship contribution statement Xin Huang: This paper is independently completed by the author Huang Xin. She has made significant contributions to the conception or design of her works, numerical simulation and analysis, text editing, and document collection. Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. References (37) Y. Zhou et al. Differential game model of joint emission reduction strategies and contract design in a dual-channel supply chain J. Clean. Prod. (2018) B. Zhang et al. Shareholder value effects of corporate carbon trading: empirical evidence from market reaction towards Clean Development Mechanism in China Energy Pol. (2017) Y. Yi et al. Taxes or subsidies to promote investment in green technologies for a supply chain considering consumer preferences for green products Comput. Ind. Eng. (2022) A. Yenipazarli Incentives for environmental research and development: consumer preferences, competitive pressure and emissions taxation Eur. J. Oper. Res. (2019) Y. Yang et al. A differential game model for closed-loop supply chain participants under carbon emission permits Comput. Ind. Eng. (2019) J. Wei et al. Improving interaction mechanism of carbon reduction technology innovation between supply chain enterprises and government by means of differential game J. Clean. Prod. (2021) J. Wei et al. Improving interaction mechanism of carbon reduction technology innovation between supply chain enterprises and government by means of differential game J. Clean. Prod. (2021) Z. Wang et al. Optimizing cooperative carbon emission reduction among enterprises with non-equivalent relationships subject to carbon taxation J. Clean. Prod. (2018) J. Song et al. Dynamic innovation and pricing decisions in a supply chain Omega (2021) Q. Meng et al. Pricing policies of dual-channel green supply chain: considering government subsidies and consumers' dual preferences Sustain. Prod. Consum. (2021) S. Ma et al. Sustainable supply chain management considering technology investments and government intervention Transport. Res. E Logist. Transport. Rev. (2021) D. Machowska Delayed effects of cooperative advertising in goodwill dynamics Oper. Res. Lett. (2019) F. Lu et al. Cooperative advertising: a way escaping from the prisoner's dilemma in a supply chain with sticky price Omega (2019) Z. Hong et al. Green product pricing with non-green product reference Transport. Res. E Logist. Transport. Rev. (2018) P. He et al. Channel structure and pricing in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with government subsidy Int. J. Prod. Econ. (2019) S.K. Ghosh et al. Analyzing a stochastic dual-channel supply chain under consumers' low carbon preferences and cap-and-trade regulation Comput. Ind. Eng. (2020) Na Friedman et al. Blockchain as a sustainability-oriented innovation?: opportunities for and resistance to Blockchain technology as a driver of sustainability in global food supply chains Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change (2022) Y. Feng et al. Green supply chain innovation: emergence, adoption, and challenges Int. J. Prod. Econ. (2022) View more references Cited by (0) Recommended articles (6) Research article Integrated carbon footprint with cutting parameters for production scheduling Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 412, 2023, Article 137307 Show abstract A large part of the global carbon footprint comes from manufacturing. Apart from material distribution during product assembly, rational optimization of cutting parameters and production scheduling during processing are the main ways to realize low-carbon manufacturing. The existing researches mainly focus on cutting parameters or production scheduling when reducing manufacturing carbon emissions, but seldom considers the coupling relationship between the two. This limits the reduction of emissions to some extent. On this basis, a collaborative low-carbon optimization system suitable for the actual use of enterprises was developed. The optimization of production scheduling is a discrete problem, while cutting parameters are continuous and processing time brought by different cutting parameters will cause different effects on the scheduling scheme. Therefore, a two-stage optimization strategy is adopted to achieve collaborative optimization of cutting parameters and production scheduling. To achieve multi-objective optimization of the model and speed up convergence, the Crowding Niche mechanism and elite retention strategy are introduced into the selection operator to improve the genetic algorithm based on Pareto Optimality. In addition, different from the traditional that need to manually determine the machine tool and cutting tool according to the demand, a knowledge base module is integrated into the system. The knowledge base module is qualified for the knowledge acquisition and instance matching of the model in order to meet the processing capacity and constraints and enhance the ability of intelligent decision-making during production. Finally, the interactive application interface of the collaborative low-carbon optimization system has been implemented and the effectiveness of the system is verified by taking the manufacturing case of electromechanical enterprises as an example. Research article Urban water crisis and its relationship to health inequities against black communities in the USA: Spatial analytics of the Jackson region in Mississippi Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 411, 2023, Article 137356 Show abstract Water is one of the core elements in the urban energy-water nexus and plays key roles in urban resilience and sustainable development. Recently, there were a number of urban water crises occurred in majority-black cities in the USA, and health disparities were observed crucial in these cities. However, there is very limited research exploring the relationship between urban water crisis and health disparities. Using the Jackson region in Mississippi, USA as the study area, this study designed a research protocol for the exploration of health inequities against black communities and the contribution of urban water crisis to health inequities in the Jackson region. In addition to mental and physical health status, nine health outcomes of diseases were first applied to the spatial differentiation analysis based on the prevalence at the census tract level between Jackson and its eight peripheral cities. Two spatially and significantly differentiated regions were identified and mapped, most communities in Jackson form the critical health core, while the four peripheral cities of Madison, Ridgeland, Flowood, and Brandon composite the healthiest city belt in the Jackson region. The linear regression and spatial regression models were then designed with the prevalence of 11 types of health status as response, in addition to the percent of black people and the urban water crisis as two explanatory variables. Given the significant spatial autocorrelation in the health data and the significant Rho and Lambda in the spatial modeling process, the spatial error model fitted best with R-squared from about 0.5 to 0.9, and both the percent of black people and the urban water crisis highly contribute to the worse health status in the critical health core within Jackson on five types of diseases of high blood pressure, teeth lost, obesity, diabetes, and physical health, and their effects on asthma, kidney, coronary heart disease, mental health, chronical obstructive pulmonary, and stroke are significant too but relatively lower than the above five diseases. The Jackson city experiences social and environmental injustice and the consequent racial and health inequities, which will impede the urban resilience and sustainability. The federal and state governments need address these health inequities. Research article Mapping energy sustainability using the Kohonen self-organizing maps - Case study Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 412, 2023, Article 137351 Show abstract There is no one-size-fits-all solution for global energy sustainability. It is affected by a country's policies, resources, financing opportunities, the attention given to it, and the degree to which other pressing issues, such as poverty and access to power, are addressed in each country. This paper used 28 indicators to assess a country's energy sustainability. These indicators ranged from CO₂ per capita emissions to the share of electricity production from wind. The indicators were adjusted so that the lower values were more sustainable. 31 countries were selected. Kohonen's self-organizing maps were used to present this 28-dimensional model in a 2D map. This algorithm is a type of artificial neural network trained by unsupervised learning. Eight clusters of countries were found through the analysis using the four-light traffic panel, where green is the most sustainable, followed by blue, yellow, and red. The closeness on the map does not guarantee that two countries will be in the same cluster. Three color matches and closeness were the criteria for the creation of clusters. The energy transition from the map's lower to upper sides is plainly visible. Red clusters make up the lower side, while green clusters make up the top. One blue cluster and two yellow clusters are located between them. The algorithm converged in the 133rd iteration; the quantization error reached 0 and the topological error reached a value of 25. This method can be used to visualize how far or close a country is to the best achievers. It shows which parameters can or should be improved and what the world trend is. If there is a trend, cost-effective solutions are frequently present. Research article Life cycle assessment of the sweetness enhancer thaumatin (E957) produced from Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit foraged from West Africa: The SWEET project Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 411, 2023, Article 137226 Show abstract Replacing added sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers is of increasing interest due to the negative health effects of excess sugar consumption. Much has been done to understand health and safety of such sweetening additives, but little on their sustainability. This study, part of the Horizon 2020 SWEET project, presents results from the first life cycle assessment of the sweetness enhancer thaumatin, produced from Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit, from forests in West Africa and extracted in the United Kingdom. Thaumatin is used in formulations to increase perceived sweetness of added sugar, allowing some to be removed. Environmental impact is reported for multiple impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method, focusing on global warming potential, land use, water consumption, and freshwater eutrophication. Impacts are expressed in terms of product mass and sweetness equivalence. Global warming potential for production of thaumatin is found to be 719.2 kgCO₂-eq/kg. When thaumatin replaces 20% of added sugar, environmental impact for a given sweetness is found to reduce by an average of 19.4% across all impact categories. International transport is a major contributor to global warming potential, as is aril removal from the fruit to freshwater eutrophication and water use, and fruit foraging to land use. However, land use is identified as a key area of future research to improve uncertainty in the data. Results show that thaumatin can be used to reduce the environmental impact of providing sweet taste in food and beverage products. Research article An evaluation of the impact framework for product stewardship on end-of-life solar photovoltaic modules: An environmental lifecycle assessment Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 411, 2023, Article 137357 Show abstract The growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) waste in the coming years requires implementation of effective management options. Australia, with one of the highest rates of rooftop solar PV, is still developing policy options to manage these panels when they reach their end-of-life. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of three options for mono and multi crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar panel waste modules. The impact of transport distance from transfer stations to the recycling centre is also assessed. The life cycle assessment revealed that, -1 E+06 kgCO₂eq and -2 E+06 kgCO₂eq are associated with the mandatory product stewardship scenarios under global warming potential for mono and multi c-Si solar modules, respectively. However, the non-existence of a product stewardship will produce a global warming impact of 1 E+05 kgCO₂eq for both modules. The global warming effects revealed that, collecting and recycling most of the multi c-Si panels were not effective (−365.00 kg CO₂-eq, −698.40 kg CO₂-eq, −1032.00 kg CO₂-eq) compared to keeping them away from the landfills and fully recycling (-2 E+06 kg CO₂-eq) them. It was also highlighted that, the highest environmental impact regarding the transport distances was the scenario of one recycling centre serving over 107 transfer stations with a global warming potential of 1 E+06 kgCO₂eq. This research model serves as the first conceptual and methodological framework for life cycle assessment (LCA) in policy and transport related analysis. Since transport is incredibly significant in PV recycling processes, it is recommended that, to further reduce these impacts, other forms of low-impact modes of transportation should be explored. Research article Is academic recommendation translated into the European Union corporate sustainability reporting directive proposal? Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 412, 2023, Article 137186 Show abstract The study explores the area of academic policy recommendation translated and untranslated into the directive proposal. We utilise the unique moment of the European Nonfinancial Reporting Directive modernisation to examine recommendation exclusion and inclusion from the perspective of Resource Based Theory (RBT). We hypothesised that the research community impacts policymakers and researchers with rare resources gain a competitive advantage in this process. We applied a combination of methods - bibliometrics analysis, content analysis, and statistical testing techniques - to analyse the literature policy recommendations related to the 2014/95/EU directive from 2003 to 2021. The majority of papers do not formulate direct policy recommendations. We do not observe significant differences in untranslated recommendations between authors possessing human resources, while organisational resources decrease the impact. We find that access to financial resources increases translation chances. We suggest the need for a more consistent communication protocol between the research community and policymakers and highlight the role of funding resources in translating results into policymaking inclusion. View full text © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. About ScienceDirect Remote access Shopping cart Advertise Contact and support Terms and conditions Privacy policy We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies . Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ScienceDirect® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.

暂无