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In this paper an energy efficient and dynamic cluster formation technique is proposed. Cluster formation is the first and the main priority for any Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In our work, the proposed technique is combination of Firefly algorithm and Hierarchical Maximum Likelihood (HML) for an Optical Wireless Sensor Network (OWSN). It utilizes the unique property of Firefly algorithm and overcomes the problem of it by introducing HML in it. As a result the parameters of the network changes with respect to the requirement of suitable position of nodes. The power distribution in the nodes is also accurately done as HML works on the property of maximum likelihood property. It means the nodes become active when they are selected based on the closest value of source node to form a cluster. The cost function also minimized.
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